Measures of Equality: Social Science, Citizenship, and Race in Cuba, 1902-1940. ALEJANDRA BRONFMAN, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

Abstract

The national ideology that developed during the Cuban independence movement in the 19^th century was improbable. By 1898, Cuban leaders declared their nation a raceless polity, eschewing both the U.S. binary system and the Haitian model of a black republic. Alejandra Bronfman's cogently argued work demonstrates that translating these ideas into governance of an actual republic during the early 20^th century proved a different matter.